Buffalo Bills at Baltimore Ravens

Before kickoff

BUF

68%

BAL

32%

Predicted winner

BUF

Confidence

56%

Snapshot

In-season walk-forward

Stored from information available before kickoff in a walk-forward historical simulation. Kickoff did not publish this pick publicly at the time. Not betting advice.

Final

23–20

Winner BUF. Kickoff was correct.

Why the model leaned this way

Model contributions (standardized feature × coefficient). Not causal explanations.

• Passing defense−0.9 BUF
• Home field+0.4 BAL
• Points allowed+0.3 BAL
• Passing offense+0.2 BAL